Krishna as Divine Child and Divine Lover

 

I.  Krishna as Divine Child

1.      Introduction

a.       On the nature of the divine and of human relationships with the divine

b.      Textual sources: Gita-Govinda of Jayadevi (12 century); Brahmavivarta Purana (16th Century)

2.      Balakrishna

a.       Mischievous: spontaneous and tumultuous

b.      Self-absorption and self-delight

c.       Combat as Play: slayer of demons, protector of the people.

d.      Stories:

                                                   i.      The demoness Putana: disguised as a woman, poisoned nipples

                                                 ii.      Krishna lifts Mt. Govardana: Indra afflicts Vrindavana with rainstorm for neglecting him, K holds Mt. G aloft with his little finger for several days like an umbrella

                                                iii.      Slaying the Multi-headed Serpent Kaliya:: lives in nearby stream, poisoned the waters, K humors him, then jumps onto heads and dances, grants him his life.

3.      The Theology of Lila: Divine Play.

a.       The divine as spontaneous, free, unrestricted, wild, playful

b.      A devotional attitude/relationship: approach like an adoring parent.

II.  Krishna as Divine Lover

1.      Krishna's unsurpassed beauty and powerful attraction

a.       Poetic descriptions: every characteristic to be relished, otherworldly grace, fragrant smell, nails, face, etc.

b.      Mirabai: 16th century passionate devotee, proclaimed K to be her husband

c.       Gopis: cow-herding girls

2.      The call of Krishna’s flute

a.       A summons to Krishna. Breaks monotony, shatters ordinary life. Intoxicating, irresistible, echoes through the forest and causes chaos in the heart

b.      Affects all of creation: rivers slow to hear, clouds hover overhead, astonishes and distracts the gods

3.      The theology of Ananda = Bliss.  Universe shudders with delight, Krishna fills the world with bliss

4.      Krishna as exclusive lover of Radha.

a.       Shyness, awakening of love. Love play: mocked quarrels, fits of temper, reconciliation. Emotions of one overcome by love, freedom of ecstasy, derangement, no control of senses (earrings on hands, necklace on ankles) immersion in lover

5.      Krishna as lover of the Gopis. Ringmaster of a festival of love. Sports with hundreds of Gopis in the forest of Vrndavana

a.       Shaktis of Krishna

b.      Krishna and Gopis' love play = reciprocal, making each other dance and sing, feel their love, ecstasy.

c.       Love in marriage or out of wedlock

                                                   i.      Longing in the lover’s absence. The Gopis’ asceticism

6.      The devotional relationship: a relationship of lovers; Krishna is approachable, warm, irresistible, intoxicating.  A realm of love, demanding totally passionate response, freedom.