Final Exam Questions

Two of the following questions will be chosen randomly for the final exam

1. Define and compare the theological concepts of ananda and lila. Illustrate the ways in which each is expressed in the Krishna mythology, using multiple examples from the Krishna literature. Describe the forms of devotional relationship appropriate to each and then compare to the mythology of at least one other Hindu deity.

2. Very briefly define the “lively tension” between dharma and moksha and describe how it emerged in the history of Hinduism. Then compare, at length, the mythology and iconography of Siva and Visnu with respect to this tension. Be careful about broad generalizations.

3. Illustrate the main conceptions of female nature and duty that are reflected in the goddess iconography and mythologies.

4. Define “bhakti” in its broadest sense. How does it begin and develop? Who does it appeal to? How does it (a) incorporate earlier aspects of Hinduism and (b) introduce new ways of being Hindu? Make specific reference to texts, traditions, and time-lines.

Please note:

Given that you have seen the questions in advance, I expect a high level of precision, detail, and writing quality -- including the frequent use of appropriate terms (dharma, moksha, Ardhanarishvara, etc.) and thorough attention to dates, periods, practices, texts and textual genres.