Final Exam Questions

Two of the following questions will be chosen randomly for the final exam

1. Define and compare the theological concepts of ananda and lila. Illustrate the ways in which each is expressed in the Krishna mythology, using multiple examples from the Krishna literature. Describe the forms of devotional relationship appropriate to each.

2. Briefly define the “lively tension” between dharma and moksha and describe how it emerged in the history of Hinduism. Then compare, in some depth, the mythology and iconography of Siva and Visnu with respect to this tension. Be careful about broad generalizations.

3. Illustrate the main conceptions of female nature and duty that are reflected in the goddess mythologies. Based on class discussion and your reading of Kinsley, give your assessment of the roles that these conceptions play in the lives of Hindu women.

4. Is there one Hinduism or are there many Hinduisms? Drawing broadly from the class materials, discuss the evidence for and against each perspective. Be specific with respect to traditions, texts, and concepts.

5. Briefly characterize the nature of erotic love in the mythology and (when possible) iconography of Krishna, Shiva, and the Ramayana. Compare each in terms of the role of eroticism in relation to world order, devotion, and liberation.

Please note:

Given that you have seen the questions in advance, I expect a high level of precision, detail, and writing quality -- including the frequent use of appropriate terms (dharma, moksha, Ardhanarishvara, etc.) and thorough attention to dates, periods, practices, texts and textual genres.